Yayım tarihi (Mustafa Birgin)

EĞİTİMİN ANLAMI

Eğitim; en basit anlamıyla davranışları değiştirme sanatıdır. Yani bireyde istendik davranışların yerleşmesi, olumsuz davranışların sonlandırılması amacıyla sürdürülen sistematik bir programdır.
Çağdaş bilimsel anlayışa göre eğitim; bireyin bedensel, duygusal, düşünsel ve sosyal yeteneklerinin kendisi ve toplumu için en uygun şekilde gelişmesi oluşumudur. Kısacası bireyin her yönüyle bir bütün olarak kendisi ve toplumu için en uygun düzeyde geliştirilmesi sürecidir. Bir Çin Atasözü eğitimin önemini doğru bir biçimde tespit etmektedir:

• Eğer bir yıl ötesi için planlıyorsanız hububat ekin,
• Eğer on yıl ötesi için planlıyorsanız, ağaç dikin,
• Eğer bin yıl ötesi için planlıyorsanız, insanlar ekin, işte eğitim insan vasıtasıyladır ki insanlar ekilir ve asırlar inşa edilir.

Çoğu kişiler eğitimin yalnız okul hayatına özgü olduğunu düşünürler. Oysa, gerçek eğitimin büyük kısmı okul hayatının dışında kazanılır. Yemekten giyinmeye, yürümeden konuşmaya, dinî inançlarından toplum sevgisine kadar, eğitimin çoğu okul hayatının dışında kazanılır. Eğitim doğumla başlar, türlü biçimler altında, ölünceye kadar sürer.
Bir atasözü vardır. “Eğitim sadece doğruları söylemek değil bizzat doğruları yapmaktır.” Eğitim yalnız birçok şeyleri öğrenmek demekte değildir. Asıl önemli olan, herhangi bir gerçeği öğrenmekle birlikte bunun nedenini de anlamaktır. Örneğin, eğitimsiz bir kimse, yalan söylemenin ahlâksızlık olduğunu bilir fakat sınavda kopya çekmenin ahlâksızlık olduğunu bilmeyebilir. Oysa, yeteri kadar eğitim görmüş bir kimse, kopya çekmenin de yalan söylemek kadar ahlâksızlık olduğunu düşünür; çünkü kopya çekmenin kötü bir davranış olduğunu, insanı tembelliğe sürüklediğini ve bir başkasının hakkını gasp ettiğini bilir ve böylece olayın nedenini öğrenmiş olur. Bunu, karşılaştığı her yeni duruma kendiliğinden uygulayabilir, herhangi bir davranışın ahlâk kurallarına uygun olup olmadığını kestirebilir. Eğitimsiz yani câhil insan ise bunu yapamaz.
İşte, bunun gibi, öğrenilecek pek çok şey vardır. Bunların bir kısmı ailede, bir kısmı okulda ve bir kısmıda çevrede öğrenilir.

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